H Beam Sizes and Weight Chart

H-beams, also known as wide flange beams, are characterized by their H-shaped cross-section, providing high strength and load-bearing capabilities.

The dimensions and weight of H-beam steel can be determined through several methods. The most common approach is to calculate the cross-sectional area using the formula:

A = t1(H-2t2)+2Bt2+0.858r2

Where:

• H represents the height of the web
• B represents the width of the flange
• t1 represents the thickness of the web
• t2 represents the thickness of the flange
• r represents the radius of the fillet

Once the cross-sectional area (A) is obtained, the weight per unit length of the H-beam can be easily calculated by multiplying A by the density of steel, which is typically 7.85 g/cm³ or 0.00785 kg/cm³. This straightforward calculation provides an accurate estimate of the H-beam’s weight based on its specific dimensions.

To simplify the process of determining the weight of H-beam steel, manufacturers often provide detailed theoretical weight tables for various standard sizes. These tables list the weight per meter for each H-beam specification, making it easy to find the information you need.

For instance, an H-beam with dimensions of 350mm in height and 175mm in width (350*175mm) has a theoretical weight of 41.8kg per meter. Similarly, an H-beam measuring 400mm in height and 150mm in width (400*150mm) weighs 55.8kg per meter.

These examples demonstrate that the weight of an H-beam is directly related to its dimensions. As the size of the H-beam changes, so does its theoretical weight per unit length. By referring to these weight tables, engineers and contractors can quickly estimate the total weight of the H-beams required for their projects, ensuring accurate material ordering and cost estimation.

While the cross-sectional area formula is the most widely used method for calculating the weight of H-beam steel, there are alternative approaches that can provide similar results. One such method involves using formulas that consider the width of the web plate and the base plate.

Another option is to refer to the standard section sizes and their corresponding weights, which are readily available in reference materials. However, it’s important to keep in mind that these calculations may have slight discrepancies when compared to the actual weight of the H-beam.

Typically, the difference between the theoretical weight and the actual weight falls within a range of 0.2% to 0.7%. This minor variance is due to factors such as manufacturing tolerances and variations in steel density. Despite these potential discrepancies, the formulas and reference tables provide a reliable means of estimating the weight of H-beam steel for practical applications.

What is the specific formula to calculate the weight of H-beam steel based on the width of the web plate and the base plate?

For those who prefer to calculate the weight of H-beam steel using the dimensions of the web plate and base plate, the following formula can be employed:

Weight (kg/m) = 0.00785 × (2.5 × a × t1 + (b – 2 × t1) × t2)

Where:

• ‘a’ is the width of the web plate in millimeters (mm)
• ‘b’ is the width of the base plate in millimeters (mm)
• ‘t1’ is the thickness of the web plate in millimeters (mm)
• ‘t2’ is the thickness of the base plate in millimeters (mm)

This formula takes into account the height and width of the web plate, as well as the width and thickness of the base plate. By inputting these parameters, the formula calculates the weight of the H-beam steel per meter length.

The constant 0.00785 in the formula represents the density of steel in kg/cm³, which is used to convert the volume of the H-beam (calculated using the plate dimensions) into its corresponding weight.

This alternative method provides a convenient way to determine the weight of H-beam steel when the dimensions of the web and base plates are readily available, offering an additional tool for engineers and manufacturers to accurately estimate the material requirements for their projects.

H Beam Sizes and Weight Chart

H-steel is categorized into four main types based on the width of the flange:

1. Wide Flange H-steel (HW)
2. Medium Flange H-steel (HM)
3. Narrow Flange H-steel (HN)
4. Thin-wall H-steel (HT)

The cross-sectional diagram below illustrates the key dimensions and symbols used to describe H-steel:

Key dimensions:

• H: Height of the web
• B: Width of the flange
• t1: Thickness of the web
• t2: Thickness of the flange
• r: Radius of the fillet
• cx: Location of the centroid

These dimensions are crucial for determining the size and weight of H-beam steel. The following table provides a comprehensive list of standard H-beam sizes and their corresponding weights for each type of H-steel.

• Download H Beam Size Chart in PDF

By referring to this table, engineers and contractors can easily select the appropriate H-beam size for their specific project requirements, ensuring optimal strength, stability, and cost-effectiveness.

Classification and Types of H-Beams

H-beams, also known as I-beams, are a fundamental component in structural engineering, offering robust support and load-bearing capabilities. They are classified based on various criteria, including flange width, usage, production method, and size. Understanding these classifications is crucial for selecting the appropriate beam for specific applications, ensuring optimal performance, and adhering to relevant industry standards.

Classification Based on Flange Width

H-beams are further classified based on their flange width, with each category having its own set of commonly used specifications:

1. Wide Flange H-Beams (HW)

Wide flange H-beams are typically denoted by the product of their web height and flange width. Common models include:

• 100×100
• 125×125
• 150×150
• 175×175
• 250×250
• 300×300
• 350×350

The notation for wide flange H-beams follows the format: web height (H) × flange width (B) × web thickness (t1) × flange thickness (t2). A key characteristic of wide flange H-beams is that the height and width dimensions are often identical.

2. Medium Flange H-Beams (HM)

Medium flange H-beams are also represented by the product of their web height and flange width. Frequently used models include:

• 150×100
• 200×150
• 250×175
• 300×200
• 350×250
• 400×300
• 450×300
• 500×300

The notation for medium flange H-beams is similar to wide flange H-beams: web height (H) × flange width (B) × web thickness (t1) × flange thickness (t2). In medium flange H-beams, the height dimension is typically slightly larger than the width dimension.

3. Narrow Flange H-Beams (HN)

Narrow flange H-beams are denoted by the product of their web height and flange width. Standard models include:

• 100×50
• 125×60
• 150×75
• 175×90
• 200×100
• 250×125
• 300×150
• 350×175
• 400×200
• 500×200

The notation for narrow flange H-beams follows the same format as wide and medium flange H-beams: web height (H) × flange width (B) × web thickness (t1) × flange thickness (t2). Narrow flange H-beams are characterized by a higher height-to-width ratio compared to the other categories.

Classification Based on Usage

The specific applications of H-beams lead to their classification based on usage, ensuring that each type of beam meets the demands of its intended function.

Beam

Primarily designed to bear bending loads, beams are used as horizontal support elements in buildings and bridges. In residential construction, beams are crucial for supporting floors and ceilings, distributing loads to the vertical columns.

Column

Columns are designed to withstand axial loads, providing vertical support in structures. They are commonly used as vertical structural elements in buildings, bridges, and towers. For example, in skyscrapers, columns are essential for transferring loads from the upper floors to the foundation.

Pile

Piles are engineered to be driven into the ground to support foundations, particularly in areas with unstable soil conditions. They are utilized in deep foundation systems for buildings, bridges, and other structures requiring substantial ground support. An example is the foundation of offshore oil rigs, where piles provide stability in soft seabed conditions.

Classification Based on Production Method

The production method used for manufacturing H-beams also serves as a basis for classification, affecting their uniformity and customization potential.

Rolled H-Beams

Rolled H-beams are produced by rolling a single piece of steel into the desired shape, ensuring uniform strength and ease of production. These beams are widely used due to their consistency and cost-effectiveness. They are commonly found in standard construction projects, such as commercial buildings and warehouses.

Welded H-Beams

Welded H-beams are fabricated by welding together steel plates to form the H-shape, allowing for customization to specific dimensions or configurations. These beams are particularly useful in unique construction projects where standard sizes are insufficient. For example, custom-welded H-beams are used in specialized industrial equipment frames.

Classification Based on Size Categories

H-beams are further classified into size categories to accommodate different structural needs, from lightweight applications to heavy-duty support.

Small H-Beams

Small H-beams are suitable for lighter loads, making them ideal for residential construction and smaller structural projects. They are often used in home renovation projects, such as reinforcing floor joists or creating open-plan living spaces.

Medium H-Beams

Medium H-beams offer a balance between load capacity and material cost, commonly used in commercial construction and mid-sized infrastructure projects. They are integral to the structural framework of office buildings and shopping centers.

Large H-Beams

Large H-beams are designed for heavy loads and substantial structural support, essential in large-scale constructions such as skyscrapers, bridges, and heavy industrial facilities. An example is the structural support of large stadium roofs, where large H-beams provide the necessary strength to span wide distances.

Understanding the classification and types of H-beams, along with their specific applications, is crucial for engineers and architects. This knowledge ensures the selection of the appropriate beam for each project, optimizing structural integrity and performance.

Related reading:

• H Beam Weight Calculator
• I Beam Weight Calculator

What is an H-Beam?

H-beam steel is a highly efficient and cost-effective structural profile that offers an optimal distribution of sectional area and an excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Its cross-section resembles the letter “H,” hence its name.The components of an H-beam are arranged at right angles, providing strong resistance to bending forces. This characteristic makes the construction process simple, cost-effective, and results in lightweight structural strength in all directions. Due to these advantages, H-beam steel is widely used in various construction applications.H-beam steel is also known by other names, such as:

• Universal beam
• Wide flange I-beam
• Parallel flange I-beam

The cross-section of an H-beam comprises a web plate and two flange plates, which contribute to its unique properties and performance.

Standards for H-Beams

Adherence to industry standards ensures that H-beams meet specific dimensional, material, and performance criteria. These standards are essential for ensuring structural integrity, safety, and interoperability.

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS)

The Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specify the dimensions, tolerances, and material properties for H-beams used in Japan.

• JIS G 3192: This standard outlines the dimensions and shape of hot-rolled H-beams, ensuring consistency and quality.
• JIS G 3101: Specifies the general requirements for rolled steel for general structural purposes, including H-beams.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) provides standards for H-beams used in the United States.

• ASTM A992: This standard specifies the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and dimensions for H-beams used in building construction.
• ASTM A6/A6M: Provides general requirements for rolled structural steel bars, plates, shapes, and sheet piling, including H-beams.

European Norms (EN)

European Norms (EN) specify the requirements for H-beams used in Europe, ensuring their suitability for various structural applications.

• EN 10025: Specifies the requirements for hot-rolled products of structural steels, including H-beams, ensuring their mechanical properties and dimensions.
• EN 10365: Provides the dimensions and tolerances for hot-rolled steel channels, I-beams, and H-beams.

British Standards (BS)

British Standards (BS) provide guidelines for the dimensions and material properties of H-beams used in the United Kingdom.

• BS 4-1: Specifies the dimensions and properties of structural steel sections, including H-beams, ensuring their suitability for construction and engineering applications.

Australian Standards (AS)

Australian Standards (AS) outline the requirements for H-beams used in Australia, ensuring their compliance with local construction practices.

• AS 3679: Specifies the requirements for structural steel, including H-beams, ensuring their mechanical properties and dimensions.

Applications of H-Beams

Building Construction

H-beams are extensively used in building construction as primary structural elements. They form the backbone of various structures, providing support for floors, roofs, and walls.

• Residential Buildings: In residential construction, H-beams are used to support large windows and open floor plans. For example, in modern homes with open-concept designs, H-beams allow for fewer interior walls, creating spacious living areas. They also support floors and roofs, ensuring structural stability and load distribution.
• Commercial Buildings: H-beams are crucial in commercial construction, supporting large spans and heavy loads typical in office buildings, shopping centers, and parking garages. For instance, in a multi-story office building, H-beams provide the framework that supports each floor, allowing for flexible interior layouts.
• Industrial Buildings: In industrial settings, H-beams support heavy machinery, cranes, and storage facilities. Their high load-bearing capacity makes them ideal for warehouses and manufacturing plants. An example is their use in constructing mezzanines within warehouses to maximize vertical storage space.

Infrastructure Projects

H-beams are essential in infrastructure projects due to their ability to support heavy loads and withstand environmental stresses.

• Bridges: H-beams are used in the construction of bridges, providing the necessary strength to support vehicular and pedestrian traffic. They are often utilized in both the substructure (piers and abutments) and superstructure (deck and girders) of bridges. For instance, in the construction of a highway overpass, H-beams are used to support the bridge deck, ensuring safety and durability.
• Highways and Railways: H-beams serve as support structures for overpasses, underpasses, and railway bridges. They ensure stability and durability in these critical infrastructure components. A notable example is their use in railway bridges, where they provide the necessary support for heavy train loads and dynamic forces.
• Ports and Harbors: In marine environments, H-beams are used in the construction of docks, piers, and retaining walls. Their corrosion-resistant properties, when treated, make them suitable for harsh coastal conditions. For example, H-beams are employed in building seawalls to protect coastal areas from erosion.

Shipbuilding

In shipbuilding, H-beams provide structural support for various components of a vessel.

• Hull Construction: H-beams are used in the construction of ship hulls, ensuring the vessel’s strength and integrity. They support the ship’s framework and withstand the stresses of ocean travel. For example, in large cargo ships, H-beams form the skeleton of the hull, providing rigidity and strength.
• Decks and Bulkheads: H-beams support the decks and bulkheads of ships, providing stability and structural integrity. They help distribute loads evenly across the ship’s structure. This is crucial in ensuring the vessel remains seaworthy under various loading conditions.

Mechanical Manufacturing

In mechanical manufacturing, H-beams are used as structural supports and frames for various machinery and equipment.

• Machinery Frames: H-beams provide robust frames for heavy machinery, ensuring stability and reducing vibrations during operation. For instance, in factories, H-beams are used to construct the frames of large industrial presses.
• Cranes and Lifting Equipment: H-beams are used in the construction of cranes and lifting equipment, providing the necessary strength to lift and move heavy loads. An example is their use in gantry cranes, which require strong beams to handle substantial weights.

Frequently Asked Questions

Below are answers to some frequently asked questions:

What are the standard dimensions of H-beams?

H-beams, also known as wide flange beams or W beams, are defined by their specific dimensions, which include the height of the web (H) and the width of the flange (B). For instance, a 150×100 mm H-beam has a web height of 150 mm and a flange width of 100 mm. The dimensions of H-beams vary significantly, commonly ranging from 100×50 mm to 900×300 mm. Specific examples include 150×75 mm, 200×100 mm, 250×125 mm, and 300×150 mm.

The thickness of the web (t1) and flange (t2) also varies. For example, a 150×100 mm H-beam might have a web thickness of 6 mm and a flange thickness of 9 mm. Some specific dimensions are:

• 100×100 mm: 6 mm web thickness, 8 mm flange thickness
• 150×150 mm: 7 mm web thickness, 10 mm flange thickness
• 200×200 mm: 8 mm web thickness, 12 mm flange thickness
• 300×300 mm: 12 mm web thickness, 12 mm flange thickness

H-beams can be classified based on their flange width into wide flange, medium flange, and narrow flange beams, where the wide flange beams have a flange width greater than or equal to the web height, and narrow flange beams have a flange width approximately equal to half the web height. H-beams are typically available in lengths ranging from 6 meters to 15 meters, with 6 meters and 12 meters being the most common.

Manufacturing standards for H-beams include international specifications such as JIS, ASTM, EN, BS, and AS, ensuring consistency and suitability for various applications like construction, mechanical manufacturing, and shipbuilding.

How are H-beams classified?

H-beams are classified based on several criteria that highlight different aspects of their design, application, and production methods.

Firstly, H-beams can be categorized by flange width. Wide Flange H-Beams have a flange width that is equal to or greater than the web height. Medium Flange H-Beams fall between wide and narrow flange beams. Narrow Flange H-Beams have a flange width approximately half the web height.

Secondly, H-beams are classified by their intended use. General H-Beams are used in various structural applications. H-Beam Columns are specifically used as columns due to their strength and stability. H-Beam Piles are utilized in underground engineering and foundation work. Very Thick Flange H-Beams are designed for applications requiring extra strength and stability. Additionally, Parallel-Legged Channels and Parallel-Flange T-Beams are sometimes included in the H-beam category.

Thirdly, H-beams are distinguished by their production method. Welded H-Beams are fabricated by welding the flanges to the web, while Rolled H-Beams are made from rolled steel, forming the H-section directly.

Lastly, H-beams are categorized by size specification. Large H-Beams have a web height above 700mm, Medium H-Beams have a web height between 300mm and 700mm, and Small H-Beams have a web height less than 300mm.

Each of these classifications helps to determine the most appropriate type of H-beam for a specific application, ensuring structural integrity and efficiency in construction projects.

What is the weight per meter of an H-beam?

The weight per meter of an H-beam varies based on its dimensions and specifications. For example, an H-B 150 beam can weigh 27.1 kg/m, 30.6 kg/m, or 34.6 kg/m depending on the thickness of the flange. Similarly, an H-B 200 beam can weigh 37.3 kg/m, 40.0 kg/m, or 60.0 kg/m, and an H-B 300 beam can weigh 32.0 kg/m, 36.7 kg/m, or 94.0 kg/m, all depending on their specific dimensions. The weight per meter of an H-beam can also be calculated using the formula:

The cross-sectional area is determined by the dimensions of the H-beam, including height, flange width, and flange thickness, considering the density of steel at approximately 7850 kg/m³.

What are the standard lengths of H-beams available?

The standard lengths of H-beams typically start at 6 meters and can increase in increments of 500 mm up to a maximum of 24 meters. For lengths beyond 15 meters, it is advisable to consult with the supplier to ensure availability and confirm turnaround times.

Specific suppliers may have their own guidelines. For instance, Metals Depot offers steel beams in lengths of 5 feet, 10 feet, 20 feet, 25 feet, or can cut to custom sizes. Similarly, Yamato Steel Co., Ltd. provides standard lengths starting from 6 meters with increments of 500 mm up to 24 meters, recommending special arrangements for lengths over 15 meters.

Additionally, many suppliers offer the option to cut H-beams to custom lengths, accommodating projects that require specific dimensions. Always check with the supplier for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding availability and custom options.

Related Resources

For more information on H-beams and related topics, consider exploring the following resources:

• H-Beam Weight Calculator
• I-Beam Weight Calculator

These tools can help you quickly determine the weight of H-beams and I-beams based on their specific dimensions, making it easier to plan and execute your construction projects efficiently.