Metal Hardness Comparison Chart: HV, HB, HRC

Imagine a world where materials bend to our will, where strength and resilience are at our fingertips. In this captivating blog post, we dive into the fascinating realm of metal hardness comparison. Uncover the secrets behind Vickers, Brinell, and Rockwell scales, as our expert mechanical engineer guides you through the intricacies of this essential topic. Get ready to expand your knowledge and master the art of material selection.

Metal Hardness Comparison Chart HV, HB, HRC

Table Of Contents

HV, HB, HRC Hardness Comparison Chart

Hardness testing is the simplest and most straightforward method among mechanical property tests. In order to replace certain mechanical property tests with hardness tests, a relatively accurate conversion relationship between hardness and strength is needed in production.

Experience has shown that there is an approximate corresponding relationship between the various hardness values of metal materials, and between hardness values and strength values. This is because the hardness value is determined by the initial plastic deformation resistance and the continued plastic deformation resistance. The higher the strength of the material, the higher the plastic deformation resistance, and thus the higher the hardness value.

Metal Hardness Comparison Chart HV, HB, HRC

1. Hardness Comparison: Vickers Hardness vs Brinell Hardness vs Rockwell Hardness

Tensile strength
N/mm2
Vickers hardnessBrinell hardnessRockwell hardness
RmHVHBHRC
2508076
2708580.7
2859085.2
3059590.2
32010095
33510599.8
350110105
370115109
380120114
400125119
415130124
430135128
450140133
465145138
480150143
490155147
510160152
530165156
545170162
560175166
575180171
595185176
610190181
625195185
640200190
660205195
675210199
690215204
705220209
720225214
740230219
755235223
77024022820.3
78524523321.3
80025023822.2
82025524223.1
83526024724
85026525224.8
86527025725.6
88027526126.4
90028026627.1
91528527127.8
93029027628.5
95029528029.2
96530028529.8
99531029531
103032030432.2
106033031433.3
109534032334.4
112535033335.5
111536034236.6
119037035237.7
122038036138.8
125539037139.8
129040038040.8
132041039041.8
135042039942.7
138543040943.6
142044041844.5
145545042845.3
148546043746.1
152047044746.9
155748045647
159549046648.4
163050047549.1
166551048549.8
170052049450.5
174053050451.1
177554051351.7
181055052352.3
184556053253
188057054253.6
192058055154.1
195559056154.7
199560057055.2
203061058055.7
207062058956.3
210563059956.8
214564060857.3
218065061857.8
66058.3
67058.8
68059.2
69059.7
70060.1
72061
74061.8
76062.5
78063.3
80064
82064.7
84065.3
86065.9
88066.4
90067
92067.5
940

2. Hardness comparison chart of common ferrous metals (Approximate conversion of intensity)

RockwellRockwellVickersBrinellTensile strength
HRCHRAHVHBN/mm2
17211211710
17.5214214715
18216216725
18.5218218730
19221220735
19.5223222745
20226225750
20.5229227760
21231229765
21.5234232775
22237234785
22.5240237790
23243240800
23.5246242810
24249245820
24.5252248830
25255251835
25.5258254850
26261257860
26.5264260870
27268263880
27.5271266890
28274269900
28.5278273910
29281276920
29.5285280935
30289283950
30.5292287960
31296291970
31.5300294980
32304298995
32.53083021010
333123061020
33.53163101035
343203141050
34.53243181065
353293231080
35.53333271095
363383321110
36.53423361125
373473411140
37.53523451160
383573501175
38.53623551190
39703673601210
39.570.33723651225
4070.83823751260
40.570.53773701245
4171.13883801280
41.571.33933851300
4271.63993911320
42.571.84053961340
4372.14114011360
43.572.44174071385
4472.64234131405
44.572.94294181430
4573.24364241450
45.573.44434301475
4673.74494361500
46.573.94564421525
4774.24634491550
47.574.54704551575
4874.74784611605
48.5754854681630
4975.34934741660
49.575.55014811690
5075.85094881720
50.576.15174941750
5176.35255011780
51.576.65341815
5276.95431850
52.577.15511885
5377.45611920
53.577.75701955
5477.95791995
54.578.25892035
5578.55992075
55.578.76092115
56796202160
56.579.36312205
5779.56422250
57.579.86532295
5880.16642345
58.580.36762395
5980.66882450
59.580.97002500
6081.27132555
60.581.4726
6181.7739
61.582752
6282.2766
62.582.5780
6382.8795
63.583.1810
6483.3825
64.583.6840
6583.9856
65.584.1872
6684.4889
66.584.7906
6785923
67.585.2941
6885.5959
68.585.8978
6986.1997
69.586.31017
7086.61037

Hardness Conversion Chart

(1) Hardness Conversion Chart for Common Metals (such as Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, etc.)

Rockwell hardnessSurface Rockwell hardnessVickersBrinellShore
HRAHRBHRCHRD15N30N45NHVHBHS
60kgf100kgf150kgf100kgf15kgf30kgf45kgf50kgf3000kgfJIS
85.6 6876.993.284.475.4940 97.6
85.3 67.576.5938474.3920 96.4
85 6776.192.983.674.2900 95.2
84.7 66.575.792.783.173.6880 94
84.4 65.975.392.582.773.1860 92.8
84.1 65.374.892.382.272.2840 91.5
83.8 64.774.392.181.771.8820 90.2
83.4 6473.891.881.171800 88.9
83 63.373.391.580.470.2780 87.5
82.6 62.572.691.279.769.4760 86.2
82.2 61.872.19179.168.6740 84.8
81.8 6171.590.778.467.7720 83.3
81.3 60.170.890.377.666.7700 81.8
81.1 59.770.590.177.266.2690 81.1
80.8 59.270.189.876.865.7680 80.3
80.6 58.869.889.776.465.3670 79.6
80.3 58.369.489.575.964.7660 78.8
80 57.86989.275.564.1650 78
79.8 57.368.78975.163.5640 77.2
79.5 56.868.388.874.663630 76.4
79.2 56.367.988.574.262.4620 75.6
78.9 55.767.588.273.661.7610 74.7
78.6 55.2678873.261.2600 73.9
78.4 54.766.787.872.760.5590 73.1
78 54.166.287.572.159.9580 72.2
77.8 53.665.887.271.759.3570 71.3
77.4 5365.486.971.258.6560 70.4
77 52.364.886.670.557.855050569.6
76.7 51.764.486.3705754049668.7
76.4 51.163.98669.556.253048867.7
76.1 50.563.585.76955.652048066.8
75.7 49.862.985.468.354.751047365.9
75.3 49.162.28567.753.950046564.9
74.9 48.461.684.767.153.149045664
74.5 47.761.384.366.452.248044863
74.1 46.960.783.965.751.347044162
73.6 46.160.183.664.950.446043361
73.3 45.359.483.264.349.445042560
72.8 44.558.882.863.548.444041559
72.3 43.658.282.362.747.443040558
71.8 42.757.581.861.946.442039756.9
71.4 41.856.881.461.145.341038855.9
70.8 40.8658160.244.140037954.8
70.3 39.855.280.359.342.939036953.7
69.811038.854.479.858.441.738036052.6
69.2 37.753.679.257.440.437035051.5
68.710936.652.878.656.439.136034150.4
68.1 35.551.97855.437.835033149.3
67.610834.451.177.454.436.534032248.1
67 33.350.276.853.635.233031347
66.410732.249.476.252.333.932030345.8
65.8 31.648.475.851.832.831029444.6
65.2105.529.847.574.950.231.130028443.4
64.8 29.247.174.649.730.429528042.8
64.5104.528.546.574.24929.529027542.2
64.2 27.84673.848.428.728527041.6
63.8103.527.145.373.447.827.928026540.9
63.5 26.444.97347.227.127526140.3
63.110225.644.372.646.426.227025639.7
62.7 24.843.772.145.725.226525239
62.41012443.171.64524.326024738.4
62 23.142.271.144.223.225524337.8
61.699.522.241.770.643.422.225023837.2
61.2 21.341.170.142.521.124523336.5
60.798.120.340.369.641.719.924022835.9
 96.718    23021934.1
 9515.7    22020933.2
 93.413.4    21020031.8
 91.511    20019030.4
 89.58.5    19018129
 87.16    18017127.7
 853    17016226.5
 81.70    16015225
 78.7     15014323.7
 78     14013322.1
 71.2     13012420.6
 66.7     12011419.1
 62.3     11010517.6
 56.2     1009516.1

(2) Hardness Conversion Chart for Soft Metals (such as Copper and Aluminum)

Rockwell hardnessSurface Rockwell hardnessVickers hardness
HRBHRF15T30T45THV
100kgf60kgf15kgf30kgf45kgf50kgf
93.51109077.566196
 109.5  65.5194
93  7765192
92.5109 76.564.5190
92 89.5 64188
91.5108.5 7663.5186
91  75.563184
90.510889 62.5182
90107.5 7562180
89  74.561.5178
88.5107  61176
88 88.57460.5174
87.5106.5 73.560172
87   59.5170
86106887359168
85.5  72.558.5166
85105.5 7258164
8410587.5 57.5162
83.5  71.556.7160
83104.5 7156158
821048770.555.5156
81.5103.5 7054.5154
80.5103  54152
80 86.569.553.5150
79102.5 6953148
78102 68.552.5146
77.5101.5866851.5144
77101 67.551142
76100.585.56750140
75100 66.549138
74.599.5856648136
73.599 65.547.5134
7398.584.56546.5132
72988464.545.5130
7197.5 63.545128
709783.56344126
6996.5 62.543124
6896836242122
6795.5 6141120
669582.560.540118
6594.5826039116
649481.559.538114
63938158.537112
6292.680.55835.5110
6192 5734.5108
59.591.2805633106
5890.579.55532104
5789.87954.530.5102
568978.553.529.5100
54887852.52898
5387.277.551.526.596
61.686.67750.524.594
49.585.476.5492392
47.584.475.5482190
4683.575471988
4482.374.545.51786
4281.273.54414.584
4080734312.582
37.578.672411080
3577.471.539.57.578
32.57670.5384.576
3074.87036174
27.573.26934 72
24.571.66832 70
21.5706730 68
18.568.56628 66
15.566.86525.5 64
12.56563.523 62
106362.520.5 60
 616118 58
 58.86015 56
 56.558.512 54
 53.557  52
 50.555.5  50
 4954.5  49
 4753.5  48
 45   47
 43   46
 40   45

HRC / HB Approximate Conversion Tips

  • When the hardness is higher than 20HRC, 1HRC≈10HB,
  • When the hardness is lower than 20HRC, 1HRC≈11.5HB.

Note: When considering cutting processing, a general conversion of 1HRC ≈ 10HB applies (the hardness of the workpiece material may vary slightly).

The most commonly used indentation hardness tests for metal materials are Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers hardness tests.

The hardness value indicates a material’s ability to resist plastic deformation caused by the intrusion of another object.

When measuring hardness using the rebound method, the hardness value represents the extent of the metal’s elastic deformation function.

What Is Metal Hardness?

Hardness is a metric that measures a material’s resistance to local deformations, such as plastic deformation, indentations, or scratches.

It is a crucial factor in determining the hardness of a material.

Types of Metal Hardness

According to the different test methods, there are three types of hardness.

① Scratch hardness

Hardness is primarily utilized to compare the resistance to local deformation of various minerals.

The process involves using a rod with a hard and soft end to test the material by sliding it along the rod.

The material’s softness or hardness is determined based on the length of the scratch it leaves on the rod.

Typically, scratches made by harder materials are longer and those made by softer materials are shorter.

② Indentation hardness

Indentation hardness testing is primarily used to evaluate metal materials. It involves applying a specified indenter to the surface of the material under test with a specific load.

The material’s hardness is determined by comparing the amount of local plastic deformation on the material’s surface.

There are several types of indentation hardness tests, including Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, and micro-hardness, which differ in terms of the indenter used, the applied load, and the duration of the load.

③ Rebound hardness

Rebound hardness testing is primarily used for metal materials. The method involves using a special small hammer that is dropped from a specific height to impact the material sample being tested.

The material’s hardness is determined by the amount of strain energy stored in and then released from the sample during the impact, which is measured by the rebound height of the hammer.

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Shane
Author

Shane

Founder of MachineMFG

As the founder of MachineMFG, I have dedicated over a decade of my career to the metalworking industry. My extensive experience has allowed me to become an expert in the fields of sheet metal fabrication, machining, mechanical engineering, and machine tools for metals. I am constantly thinking, reading, and writing about these subjects, constantly striving to stay at the forefront of my field. Let my knowledge and expertise be an asset to your business.

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