![Tabela de densidade de aço inoxidável Guia completo](https://www.machinemfg.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Stainless-Steel-Density-Chart-Comprehensive-Guide.jpg)
Já se interrogou como é que os arranha-céus se mantêm altos e fortes? Este artigo explora a maravilha das vigas H americanas, destacando o seu design, tipos e aplicações. Ficará a saber como estes gigantes de aço contribuem para a construção moderna com a sua força e eficiência. Junte-se a nós para descobrir os segredos por detrás destas maravilhas da engenharia!
A viga H normalizada americana está em conformidade com a norma ASTM, com três graus de qualidade principais: A36, A572 e A992.
Por exemplo, os materiais A36 e A572 representam aço estrutural de carbono, enquanto o A992 é um aço de baixa liga.
A viga H americana é um perfil de alto desempenho com uma área de secção transversal optimizada e uma relação resistência/peso mais razoável, que recebeu o nome da sua secção transversal em forma de H.
Devido à sua disposição em ângulo reto em todas as partes, o Viga H apresenta uma forte resistência à flexão, uma construção simples, uma boa relação custo-benefício e uma estrutura leve, o que a torna amplamente aplicável.
O processo consiste em libertar o aço fundido quando a sua temperatura e composição correspondem às especificações do tipo de aço que está a ser refinado. Durante o vazamento do aço, é necessário ter cuidado para evitar a entrada de escória na panela.
Os aditivos utilizados para ajustar a temperatura, a composição e a desoxidação do aço fundido são adicionados à panela ou ao fluxo de aço durante o vazamento, também conhecido como liga de desoxidação.
1) Para aliviar o tensão interna do material
2) Para ajustar a dureza do material (geralmente para aumentar) com uma ligeira redução da plasticidade
Este procedimento destina-se a preparar o processamento subsequente. Tem um efeito semelhante ao recozimentomas tem por objetivo melhorar a eficácia e reduzir os custos.
DESIGNAÇÃO | DIMENSÃO | WT | ÁREA DE PINTURA |
kg/M | SM/M | ||
W36×300 | 933.20×423.04×24.00/42.67 | 446.45 | 3.559 |
×280 | 927.61×421.51×22.48/39.88 | 416.68 | 3.541 |
×260 | 921.00×420.37×21.34/36.58 | 386.92 | 3.523 |
×245 | 916.43×419.35×20.32/34.29 | 364.60 | 3.510 |
×230 | 911.86×418.34×19.30/32.00 | 342.28 | 3.497 |
×210 | 931.93×309.37×21.08/34.54 | 312.51 | 3.101 |
×194 | 926.85×307.72×19.43/32.00 | 288.70 | 3.085 |
×182 | 922.78×306.71×18.42/29.97 | 270.84 | 3.072 |
×170 | 918.72×305.56×17.27/27.94 | 252.99 | 3.060 |
×160 | 914.65×304.80×16.51/25.91 | 238.10 | 3.049 |
×150 | 910.59×304.17×15.88/23.88 | 223.22 | 3.038 |
×135 | 902.97×303.53×15.24/20.07 | 200.90 | 3.020 |
W33×241 | 868.17×402.84×21.08/35.56 | 358.65 | 3.348 |
×221 | 861.82×401.45×19.69/32.39 | 328.88 | 3.329 |
×201 | 855.47×399.92×18.16/29.21 | 299.12 | 3.311 |
×152 | 850.65×293.75×16.13/26.80 | 226.20 | 2.876 |
×141 | 845.82×292.99×15.37/24.38 | 209.83 | 2.864 |
×130 | 840.49×292.35×14.73/21.72 | 193.46 | 2.850 |
×118 | 834.64×291.59×13.97/18.80 | 175.60 | 2.836 |
W30×211 | 785.88×383.67×19.69/33.40 | 314.00 | 3.106 |
×191 | 779.27×382.02×18.03/30.10 | 284.24 | 3.087 |
×173 | 773.18×380.62×16.64/27.05 | 257.45 | 3.069 |
×132 | 769.87×267.84×15.62/25.40 | 196.44 | 2.611 |
×124 | 766.32×267.08×14.86/23.62 | 184.53 | 2.601 |
×116 | 762.76×266.57×14.35/21.59 | 172.63 | 2.592 |
×108 | 757.68×266.07×13.84/19.30 | 160.72 | 2.580 |
×99 | 753.11×265.43×13.21/17.02 | 147.33 | 2.568 |
W27×178 | 706.37×357.76×18.42/30.23 | 264.89 | 2.844 |
×161 | 700.79×356.11×16.76/27.43 | 239.59 | 2.826 |
×146 | 695.45×354.71×15.37/24.77 | 217.27 | 2.810 |
×114 | 693.17×255.78×14.48/23.62 | 169.65 | 2.409 |
×102 | 688.09×254.38×13.08/21.08 | 151.79 | 2.394 |
W27×94 | 683.77×253.75×12.45/18.92 | 139.89 | 2.383 |
×84 | 678.43×252.98×11.68/16.26 | 125.01 | 2.369 |
W24×162 | 635.00×329.06×17.91/30.99 | 241.08 | 2.586 |
×146 | 628.40×327.66×16.51/27.69 | 217.27 | 2.567 |
×131 | 621.79×326.52×15.37/24.38 | 194.95 | 2.550 |
×117 | 616.20×325.12×13.97/21.59 | 174.11 | 2.533 |
×104 | 611.12×323.85×12.70/19.05 | 154.77 | 2.518 |
×94 | 617.47×230.25×13.08/22.23 | 139.89 | 2.156 |
×84 | 612.14×229.11×11.94/19.56 | 125.01 | 2.141 |
×76 | 607.57×228.35×11.18/17.27 | 113.10 | 2.129 |
×68 | 602.74×227.71×10.54/14.86 | 101.19 | 2.116 |
×62 | 603.00×178.82×10.92/14.99 | 92.27 | 1.921 |
×55 | 598.68×177.93×10.03/12.83 | 81.85 | 1.909 |
W21×147 | 560.32×317.75×18.29/29.21 | 218.76 | 2.392 |
×132 | 554.48×315.98×16.51/26.29 | 194.44 | 2.373 |
×122 | 550.67×314.71×15.24/24.38 | 181.56 | 2.360 |
×111 | 546.35×313.44×13.97/22.23 | 165.19 | 2.346 |
×101 | 542.54×312.17×12.70/20.32 | 150.30 | 2.334 |
×93 | 549.15×213.87×14.73/23.62 | 138.40 | 1.954 |
×83 | 544.32×212.22×13.08/21.21 | 123.52 | 1.938 |
×73 | 539.50×210.69×11.56/18.80 | 108.64 | 1.922 |
×68 | 536.70×210.06×10.92/17.40 | 101.20 | 1.914 |
×62 | 533.15×209.30×10.16/15.62 | 92.27 | 1.904 |
×57 | 534.92×166.50×10.29/16.51 | 84.82 | 1.736 |
×50 | 529.08×165.86×9.65/13.59 | 74.41 | 1.722 |
×44 | 524.76×165.10×8.89/11.43 | 65.48 | 1.710 |
W18×119 | 481.84×286.13×16.64/26.92 | 177.09 | 2.108 |
×106 | 475.74×284.48×14.99/23.88 | 157.74 | 2.089 |
×97 | 472.19×283.08×13.59/22.10 | 144.35 | 2.077 |
×86 | 467.11×281.69×12.19/19.56 | 127.98 | 2.061 |
×76 | 462.53×280.29×10.80/17.27 | 113.10 | 2.046 |
×71 | 469.14×193.93×12.57/20.57 | 105.66 | 1.714 |
×65 | 466.09×192.79×11.43/19.05 | 96.73 | 1.703 |
×60 | 463.30×191.90×10.54/17.65 | 89.29 | 1.694 |
×55 | 459.99×191.26×9.91/16.00 | 81.85 | 1.685 |
×50 | 456.95×190.37×9.02/14.48 | 74.41 | 1.675 |
×46 | 458.72×153.92×9.14/15.37 | 68.46 | 1.533 |
W18×40 | 454.66×152.78×8.00/13.34 | 59.53 | 1.520 |
×35 | 449.58×152.40×7.62/10.80 | 52.09 | 1.509 |
W16×100 | 431.04×264.80×14.86/25.02 | 148.82 | 1.921 |
×89 | 425.45×263.27×13.34/22.23 | 132.45 | 1.904 |
×77 | 419.61×261.49×11.56/19.30 | 114.59 | 1.885 |
×67 | 414.78×259.97×10.03/16.89 | 99.71 | 1.869 |
×57 | 417.32×180.85×10.92/18.16 | 84.82 | 1.558 |
×50 | 413.00×179.58×9.65/16.00 | 74.41 | 1.544 |
×45 | 409.70×178.69×8.76/14.35 | 66.97 | 1.534 |
×40 | 406.65×177.67×7.75/12.83 | 59.53 | 1.524 |
×36 | 402.84×177.42×7.49/10.92 | 53.57 | 1.515 |
×31 | 403.35×140.34×6.99/11.18 | 46.13 | 1.368 |
×26 | 398.53×139.70×6.35/8.76 | 38.69 | 1.356 |
W14×730 | 569.47×454.41×77.98/124.71 | 1086.35 | 2.957 |
×665 | 549.66×448.31×71.88/114.81 | 989.62 | 2.893 |
×605 | 531.37×442.34×65.91/105.66 | 900.33 | 2.832 |
×550 | 514.10×436.88×60.45/97.03 | 818.49 | 2.776 |
×500 | 497.84×432.05×55.63/88.90 | 744.08 | 2.724 |
×455 | 483.11×427.61×51.18/81.53 | 677.11 | 2.677 |
×426 | 474.22×424.05×47.63/77.09 | 633.95 | 2.645 |
×398 | 464.57×421.39×44.96/72.26 | 592.29 | 2.615 |
×370 | 455.17×418.47×42.04/67.56 | 550.62 | 2.584 |
×342 | 445.52×415.54×39.12/62.74 | 508.95 | 2.553 |
×311 | 434.85×412.24×35.81/57.40 | 462.82 | 2.519 |
×283 | 425.20×409.19×32.77/52.58 | 421.15 | 2.487 |
×257 | 416.05×406.27×29.85/48.01 | 382.46 | 2.457 |
×233 | 407.42×403.61×27.18/43.69 | 346.74 | 2.429 |
×211 | 399.29×401.32×24.89/39.62 | 314.00 | 2.404 |
×193 | 393.19×399.03×22.61/36.58 | 287.21 | 2.383 |
×176 | 386.59×397.51×21.08/33.27 | 261.92 | 2.363 |
×159 | 380.49×395.35×18.92/30.23 | 236.62 | 2.342 |
×145 | 375.41×393.70×17.27/27.69 | 215.78 | 2.326 |
×132 | 372.36×374.02×16.38/26.16 | 196.44 | 2.241 |
×120 | 367.79×372.62×14.99/23.88 | 178.58 | 2.224 |
×109 | 363.73×370.97×13.34/21.84 | 162.21 | 2.211 |
×99 | 359.66×369.95×12.32/19.81 | 147.33 | 2.199 |
W14×90 | 356.11×368.81×11.18/18.03 | 133.93 | 2.187 |
×82 | 363.47×257.30×12.95/21.72 | 122.03 | 1.756 |
×74 | 359.92×255.78×11.43/19.94 | 110.12 | 1.743 |
×68 | 356.62×254.89×10.54/18.29 | 101.19 | 1.733 |
×61 | 352.81×253.87×9.53/16.38 | 90.78 | 1.721 |
×53 | 353.57×204.72×9.40/16.76 | 78.87 | 1.526 |
×48 | 350.27×203.96×8.64/15.11 | 71.43 | 1.516 |
×43 | 346.96×203.07×7.75/13.46 | 63.99 | 1.506 |
×38 | 358.14×171.96×7.87/13.08 | 56.55 | 1.404 |
×34 | 355.09×171.32×7.24/11.56 | 50.60 | 1.395 |
×30 | 351.54×170.94×6.86/9.78 | 44.64 | 1.387 |
×26 | 353.31×127.64×6.48/10.67 | 38.69 | 1.217 |
×22 | 349.00×127.00×5.84/8.51 | 32.74 | 1.206 |
W12×336 | 427.23×339.98×45.09/75.06 | 500.02 | 2.214 |
×305 | 414.53×336.17×41.28/68.71 | 453.89 | 2.174 |
×279 | 402.59×333.76×38.86/62.74 | 415.20 | 2.140 |
×252 | 391.41×330.33×35.43/57.15 | 375.02 | 2.104 |
×230 | 382.27×327.53×32.64/52.58 | 342.28 | 2.075 |
×210 | 373.63×324.87×29.97/48.26 | 312.51 | 2.047 |
×190 | 365.25×321.82×26.92/44.07 | 282.75 | 2.018 |
×170 | 356.36×319.28×24.38/39.62 | 252.99 | 1.990 |
×152 | 348.23×316.99×22.10/35.56 | 226.20 | 1.964 |
×136 | 340.61×314.96×20.07/31.75 | 202.39 | 1.941 |
×120 | 333.25×312.93×18.03/28.07 | 178.58 | 1.918 |
×106 | 327.41×310.39×15.49/25.15 | 157.74 | 1.896 |
×96 | 322.83×308.86×13.97/22.86 | 142.86 | 1.881 |
×87 | 318.26×307.98×13.08/20.57 | 129.47 | 1.868 |
×79 | 314.45×306.83×11.94/18.67 | 117.56 | 1.856 |
×72 | 311.15×305.82×10.92/17.02 | 107.15 | 1.846 |
×65 | 307.85×304.80×9.91/15.37 | 96.73 | 1.835 |
×58 | 309.63×254.25×9.14/16.26 | 86.31 | 1.636 |
×53 | 306.32×253.87×8.76/14.61 | 78.87 | 1.628 |
×50 | 309.63×205.23×9.40/16.26 | 74.41 | 1.440 |
×45 | 306.32×204.34×8.51/14.61 | 66.97 | 1.430 |
×40 | 303.28×203.33×7.49/13.08 | 59.53 | 1.420 |
×35 | 317.50×166.62×7.62/13.21 | 52.09 | 1.301 |
W12×30 | 313.44×165.61×6.60/11.18 | 44.64 | 1.289 |
×26 | 310.39×164.85×5.84/9.65 | 38.69 | 1.280 |
×22 | 312.67×102.36×6.60/10.80 | 32.74 | 1.035 |
×19 | 308.86×101.73×5.97/8.89 | 28.27 | 1.025 |
×16 | 304.55×101.35×5.59/6.73 | 23.81 | 1.015 |
×14 | 302.51×100.84×5.08/5.72 | 20.83 | 1.008 |
W10×112 | 288.54×264.54×19.18/31.75 | 166.67 | 1.635 |
×100 | 281.94×262.64×17.27/28.45 | 148.82 | 1.614 |
×88 | 275.34×260.73×15.37/25.15 | 130.96 | 1.594 |
×77 | 269.24×258.83×13.46/22.10 | 114.59 | 1.574 |
×68 | 264.16×257.30×11.94/19.56 | 101.19 | 1.558 |
×60 | 259.59×256.03×10.67/17.27 | 89.29 | 1.543 |
×54 | 256.29×254.76×9.40/15.62 | 80.36 | 1.532 |
×49 | 253.49×254.00×8.64/14.22 | 72.92 | 1.523 |
×45 | 256.54×203.71×8.89/15.75 | 66.97 | 1.328 |
×39 | 251.97×202.82×8.00/13.46 | 58.04 | 1.315 |
×33 | 247.14×202.18×7.37/11.05 | 49.11 | 1.303 |
×30 | 265.94×147.57×7.62/12.95 | 44.64 | 1.122 |
×26 | 262.38×146.56×6.60/11.18 | 38.69 | 1.111 |
×22 | 258.32×146.05×6.10/9.14 | 32.74 | 1.101 |
×19 | 260.10×102.11×6.35/10.03 | 28.27 | 0.929 |
×17 | 256.79×101.85×6.10/8.38 | 25.30 | 0.921 |
×15 | 253.75×101.60×5.84/6.86 | 22.32 | 0.914 |
×12 | 250.70×100.58×4.83/5.33 | 17.86 | 0.904 |
W8×67 | 228.60×210.31×14.48/23.75 | 99.71 | 1.298 |
×58 | 222.25×208.79×12.95/20.57 | 86.31 | 1.280 |
×48 | 215.90×205.99×10.16/17.40 | 71.43 | 1.256 |
×40 | 209.55×204.98×9.14/14.22 | 59.53 | 1.239 |
×35 | 206.25×203.71×7.87/12.57 | 52.09 | 1.227 |
×31 | 203.20×203.07×7.24/11.05 | 46.13 | 1.219 |
×28 | 204.72×165.99×7.24/11.81 | 41.67 | 1.073 |
×24 | 201.42×164.97×6.22/10.16 | 35.72 | 1.063 |
×21 | 210.31×133.86×6.35/10.16 | 31.25 | 0.956 |
W8×18 | 206.76×133.35×5.84/8.38 | 26.79 | 0.947 |
×15 | 205.99×101.98×6.22/8.00 | 22.32 | 0.820 |
×13 | 202.95×101.60×5.84/6.48 | 19.35 | 0.812 |
×10 | 200.41×100.08×4.32/5.21 | 14.88 | 0.801 |
W6×25 | 162.05×154.43×8.13/11.56 | 37.20 | 0.942 |
×20 | 157.48×152.91×6.60/9.27 | 29.76 | 0.927 |
×15 | 152.15×152.15×5.84/6.60 | 22.32 | 0.913 |
×16 | 159.51×102.36×6.60/10.29 | 23.81 | 0.728 |
×12 | 153.16×101.60×5.84/7.11 | 17.86 | 0.713 |
×9 | 149.86×100.08×4.32/5.46 | 13.39 | 0.700 |
W5×19 | 130.81×127.76×6.86/10.92 | 28.27 | 0.773 |
×16 | 127.25×127.00×6.10/9.14 | 23.81 | 0.763 |
W4×13 | 105.66×103.12×7.11/8.76 | 19.35 | 0.624 |