Metal Expansion Formulas: Expert Insights & Coefficients

How do metals change when exposed to heat? Understanding thermal expansion is crucial for engineers and builders, ensuring structures withstand temperature fluctuations. This article dives into the formulas and coefficients of thermal expansion for various metals, offering insights and practical calculations. Expect to learn how different metals expand and how to apply this knowledge in real-world scenarios to prevent structural failures.

Shane

September 5th, 2023

Mechanical

1. Table of Coefficients for Thermal Expansion in Metal Materials

Material	Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	Length	Temperature		Variation
Material	*10-6/℃	Length	Temperature		Variation
Mild Steel	11.7	100	100	0.000001	0.117
NAK80	12.5	100	200	0.000001	0.25
SKD61	10.8	100	300	0.000001	0.324
SKH51	10.1	100	400	0.000001	0.404
Hard Alloy V40	6	100	500	0.000001	0.3
SUS440C	10.2	100	100	0.000001	0.102
Oxygen-Free Steel C1020	17.6	100	500	0.000001	0.88
6/4 Brass C2801	20.8	100	600	0.000001	1.248
Beryllium Copper C1720	17.1	100	700	0.000001	1.197
Aluminum A1100	23.6	100	475	0.000001	0.30267
Hard Aluminum A7075	23.6	100	500	0.000001	1.18
Aluminum Alloy	23.8	100	350	0.000001	0.833
Pure Aluminum	23	100	350	0.000001	0.805
Titanium	8.4	100	500	0.000001
Gray Cast Iron	9	100	350	0.000001	0.315
General Cast Iron	10.5	100	50	0.000001	0.0525
Cast Iron	10.5	100	50	0.000001	0.0525
General Carbon Steel	11.5	100	200	0.000001	0.23
Martensitic Stainless Steel	1.01	100	200	0.000001	0.0202
Austenitic Stainless Steel	1.6	100	200	0.000001	0.032
Stainless Steel	14.4-16	100	200	0.000001	#VALUE！
Chromium Steel	11.5	1000	20	0.000001	0.23
Nickel Steel	14	100	200	0.000001	0.28
Copper	18.5	100	200	0.000001	0.37
Bronze	17.5	100	200	0.000001	0.35
Brass	18.4	100	200	0.000001	0.368
Phosphor Bronze	15.2	100	200	0.000001	0.304
Chromium	6.2	100	200	0.000001	0.124
Lead	29.3	100	200	0.000001	0.586
Tin	26.7	100	200	0.000001	0.534
Zinc	36	100	200	0.000001	0.72
Magnesium	26	100	200	0.000001	0.52
Tungsten	4.5	100	200	0.000001	0.09
Titanium	10.8	100	200	0.000001	0.216
Nickel	13	100	200	0.000001	0.26
Cadmium	41	100	200	0.000001
Manganese	23	100	200	0.000001	0.46
Beryllium	12.3	100	200	0.000001	0.246
Germanium	6	100	200	0.000001	0.12
Iridium	6.5	100	200	0.000001	0.13
Molybdenum	5.2	100	200	0.000001	0.104
Platinum	9	100	200	0.000001	0.18
Silver	19.5	100	200	0.000001	0.39
Gold	14.2	100	200	0.000001	0.284
Window Glass	7.6	100	200	0.000001	0.152
Industrial Glass	4.5	100	200	0.000001	0.09
Ordinary Glass	7.1	100	200	0.000001	0.112
Pyrex Glass	3.25	100	200	0.000001	0.065
Glass Ceramic	＜0.1	100	200	0.000001	#VALUE！
Porcelain	3	100	200	0.000001	0.06
Brick	5	100	200	0.000001	0.1
Rebar	1.2	100	200	0.000001	0.024
Concrete	1.0-1.5	100	200	0.000001	#VALUE！
Cement	6.0-14	100	200	0.000001	#VALUE！
Granite	3	100	200	0.000001	0.06
Graphite	2	100	200	0.000001	0.04
Nylon	120	100	200	0.000001	2.4
Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)	85	100	200	0.000001	1.7
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)	80	100	200	0.000001	1.6
Carbon Fiber (HM 35in Longitudinal)	-0.5	100	200	0.000001	-0.01
Wood	8	100	200	0.000001	0.16
Table Salt	40	100	200	0.000001	0.8
Ice, 0℃	51	100	200	0.000001	1.02

2. Calculation Method for Dimensional Change Caused by Thermal Expansion

Example using material: SKD61

Given:

Diameter (d) = 2 mm

Length (L) = 100 mm

Temperature increase = 100°C

The dimensional change δ can be calculated as follows:

δ = Thermal expansion coefficient * Length * Temperature change

Using the given values:

δ = 10.8 × 10^-6 /°C * 100 mm * 100°C= 0.108 mm

Therefore, the dimensional change (δ) caused by the thermal expansion of the SKD61 rod, with a diameter of 2 mm and length of 100 mm, when the temperature increases by 100°C, is 0.108 mm.

Metal Expansion Formulas: Expert Insights & Coefficients

Table Of Contents

1. Table of Coefficients for Thermal Expansion in Metal Materials

2. Calculation Method for Dimensional Change Caused by Thermal Expansion

3. Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

Shane

Founder of MachineMFG

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Metal Names	Element Symbols	Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient
Beryllium	Be	12.3
Antimony	Sb	10.5
Copper	Cu	17.5
Chromium	Cr	6.2
Germanium	Ge	6.0
Iridium	Ir	6.5
Manganese	Mn	23.0
Nickel	Ni	13.0
Silver	Ag	19.5
Aluminum	Al	23.2
Lead	Pb	29.3
Cadmium	Cd	41.0
Iron	Fe	12.2
Gold	Au	14.2
Magnesium	Mg	26.0
Molybdenum	Mo	5.2
Platinum	Pt	9.0
Tin	Sn	2.0

Metal Expansion Formulas: Expert Insights & Coefficients

1. Table of Coefficients for Thermal Expansion in Metal Materials

2. Calculation Method for Dimensional Change Caused by Thermal Expansion

3. Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

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Shane

Founder of MachineMFG

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